Museums play a crucial role in the collection, preservation, research, and exhibition of a wide range of objects – from ancient artefacts to priceless works of art. As custodians of cultural heritage, museum collections are safeguarded for the benefit of present and future generations. However, they face increasing challenges, including financial constraints, ethical considerations, and the growing risks posed by climate change and environmental factors.

This guide outlines key strategies for museums to protect their collections from environmental threats and changing conditions.

Threat: Rising Temperatures & Humidity

Risks:

Fluctuating Temperatures and Unstable Relative Humidity: Rapid temperature changes and humidity instability can cause irreversible damage to artefacts. Climate change and extreme weather events also accelerate building deterioration, threatening stored objects.

Unsuitable Storage Conditions: Inconsistent temperatures create environments unsuitable for long-term preservation, leading to the deterioration of artefacts.

Tips:

• Continuous Monitoring: Regularly monitor temperature and humidity in storage and display areas. The recommended temperature range is 16°C–20°C, with a relative humidity between 40%–60%.
• Risk Management Policies: Review and update risk management procedures regularly to align with the latest conservation standards.
• Employee Training: Ensure all staff understand the importance of maintaining stable environmental conditions and the risks of fluctuations.
• Off-Site Storage: If in-house conditions cannot meet recommended standards, consider off-site records management storage in a climate-controlled facility.
• Awareness Campaigns: Promote understanding of how climate change impacts museum collections to build support for ongoing preservation measures.

Threat: Ultraviolet (UV) Radiation

Risks:

Colour Fading and Material Weakening: Ultraviolet light can irreversibly damage paper, books, photographs, artworks, leathers, and fabrics. Common effects include yellowing, fading, discolouration, and fibre weakening.

Tips:

• Controlled Light Exposure: Limit exposure to both natural and artificial light to reduce fading and deterioration.
• Archival Storage: Store collections in acid-free archive boxes when not in use, ideally in dark or low-light environments.
• UV Screening Filters: Apply UV screening filters to windows or light fixtures when natural light cannot be fully excluded.
• Light Level Monitoring: Use a light metre to measure visible light in lux. Sensitive materials should not exceed 50 lux.

Threat: Flooding & Fire

Risks:

Severe Damage: Both flooding and fire can result in irreversible loss or destruction of collections.

Tips:

• Fire Suppression Systems: Install automatic fire suppression systems throughout all collection areas to mitigate fire risk.
• Strategic Storage Placement: Avoid storing collections at floor level, near external walls, or in basements or flood-prone areas.
• Risk Assessments: Conduct regular fire and flood risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities and implement corrective measures.
• Staff Education: Train all employees in emergency response procedures and risk mitigation practices related to fire and flooding.

Threat: Pests

Risks:

Material Damage: Insects and rodents can destroy materials, leaving behind stains and residues that accelerate deterioration.

Tips:

• Staff Training: Train employees to recognise early signs of pest activity and understand prevention techniques.
• Monitoring Systems: Maintain and regularly inspect pest monitoring systems to detect and respond to infestations promptly.
• Building Integrity: Ensure doors, windows, and other entry points are well-sealed to reduce pest ingress.
• Cleaning Regimes: Implement consistent cleaning routines using appropriate conservation methods to deter pests.
• Quarantine Protocols: Isolate any suspect or newly acquired materials to prevent the spread of infestations.
• Specialist Training: Provide archivists and conservators with specialist pest management training.

Threat: Poor Collection Care & Handling

Risks:

Accidental Damage: Improper handling or inadequate packaging can result in tears, abrasions, or breakage.

Tips:

• Archival Packaging: Use archival-quality packaging materials for all stored items to ensure long-term preservation.
• Safe Handling Practices: Always follow approved handling procedures to maintain protective coverings and prevent damage.
• Use of Nitrile Gloves: Wear nitrile gloves when handling sensitive materials. These gloves provide a strong, residue-free barrier and protect objects from skin oils and contaminants.

Commitment to Conservation

Preserving museum collections in an era of climate change and environmental uncertainty requires vigilance, preparation, and continuous learning.

By implementing the above recommendations and adapting to emerging challenges, museums can ensure that their collections remain presrved for future generations.

Rackline solutions are protecting museum collections, and gallery collections around the world. Each tailored to the differing items, and conditions required for ideal preservation.

If you would like to find out about more about our solutions and services for the protection and safe storage of artifacts, take a look at our dedicated page here. Alternatively, get in touch with our team on: 01782 770144, email: now@rackline.com or fill in the form below.